Great Basin Groundwater Sulfate Concentration Map
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Metadata:
- Identification_Information:
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- Citation:
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- Citation_Information:
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- Originator: Zehner, R.E.
- Originator: Coolbaugh, M.F.
- Originator: Shevenell, Lisa
- Publication_Date: 20120831
- Title: Great Basin Groundwater Sulfate Concentration Map
- Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
- Publication_Information:
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- Publication_Place: University of Nevada, Reno
- Publisher: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology
- Other_Citation_Details:
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Zehner, R.E., Coolbaugh, M.F., and Shevenell, Lisa, 2006, Regional groundwater geochemical trends in the Great Basin: Implications for Geothermal Exploration, GRC Transactions 2006
- Online_Linkage:
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\\palido.unr.edu\geothermal\_projects\metadata_updates\_auth\tdozet\04_Geochemical\RicksCationAnionGrids2012\gbsulfate
- Description:
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- Abstract:
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Maps of Great Basin groundwater geochemistry show distinctive regional spatial patterns. Factors affecting the concentrations of dissolved constituents include bedrock lithology, location within structural zones, geothermal systems, and surficial playa deposits and salt lakes. In this study, a large geochemical database of ~51,577 Great Basin groundwater samples from springs and wells was compiled from multiple sources. These data were uploaded into a geographic information system (GIS) and used to produce concentration maps for As, B, Ba, Ca, Cl, F, Fe, HCO3, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, SiO2, and SO4. These maps were then examined to identify geologic factors that might have influenced their concentration, including the presence of geothermal systems.
- Purpose: Geothermal exploration
- Time_Period_of_Content:
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- Time_Period_Information:
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- Single_Date/Time:
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- Calendar_Date:
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REQUIRED: The year (and optionally month, or month and day) for which the data set corresponds to the ground.
- Currentness_Reference:
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REQUIRED: The basis on which the time period of content information is determined.
- Status:
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- Progress: Complete
- Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
- Spatial_Domain:
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- Bounding_Coordinates:
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- West_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.259809
- East_Bounding_Coordinate: -109.085475
- North_Bounding_Coordinate: 44.934788
- South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.552785
- Keywords:
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- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:
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REQUIRED: Reference to a formally registered thesaurus or a similar authoritative source of theme keywords.
- Theme_Keyword: geochemistry
- Theme_Keyword: groundwater
- Theme_Keyword: hot spring
- Theme_Keyword: sulfate
- Place:
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- Place_Keyword: USA
- Place_Keyword: Western United States
- Place_Keyword: Great Basin
- Place_Keyword: Nevada
- Place_Keyword: California
- Place_Keyword: Utah
- Place_Keyword: Idaho
- Place_Keyword: Arizona
- Place_Keyword: Oregon
- Place_Keyword: Wyoming
- Access_Constraints:
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Although these data have been processed successfully on the computer system at the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is strongly recommended that these data be directly acquired from the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with the data. The Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology shall not be held liable for improper use of the data described and/or contained herein. By using this data you hereby agree to these conditions.
- Use_Constraints:
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Reference and acknowledge the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology or specific author in products derived from this map. Do not reproduce for commercial purposes. This data is not surveyed data.
- Point_of_Contact:
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- Contact_Information:
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- Contact_Organization_Primary:
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- Contact_Organization: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology
- Contact_Person: web/GIS/database person
- Contact_Position: web/GIS/database
- Contact_Address:
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- Address_Type: mailing and physical address
- Address: University of Nevada, Reno MS178
- City: Reno
- State_or_Province: NV
- Postal_Code: 89557-0178
- Country: USA
- Contact_Voice_Telephone: 775-784-6691
- Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nbmg@unr.edu
- Hours_of_Service: 8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. (PST)
- Contact_Instructions: web/GIS/database person
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Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850
- Data_Quality_Information:
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- Attribute_Accuracy:
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- Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
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Unknown. Data is derived from several sources (NWIS, Geo-Heat Center, NBMG Geothermal Database) with unknown sample location and attribute accuracy.
- Logical_Consistency_Report: Unknown
- Positional_Accuracy:
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- Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
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- Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: unknown
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- Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: unknown
- Lineage:
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- Source_Information:
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- Source_Citation:
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- Citation_Information:
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- Originator: Zehner, R.E.
- Originator: Coolbaugh, M.F.
- Originator: Shevenell, Lisa
- Publication_Date: 20060530
- Title:
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Regional Groundwater Geochemical Trends in the Great Basin, Implications for Geothermal Exploration
- Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
- Publication_Information:
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- Publication_Place: University of Nevada, Reno
- Publisher: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology
- Process_Step:
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- Process_Description:
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The data set was constructed using groundwater geochemical data (springs and wells) from the Great Basin Groundwater Geochemical Database (<http://www.unr.edu/geothermal/GeochemDB.htm>)
Spring and well samples within a 100 km radius of the Great Basin were used so that outside values would form a continuous concentration surface right up to the Great Basin boundary. Not all samples were analyzed for all constituents; few of the samples were analyzed for all 14 constituents that were examined. The data were first screened to remove surface water samples. Next, some of the data had analytical flags that were treated as below:
FLAG DATA
"N.D." or "Not detected" Removed from dataset
"<" or "L.T." (less than) Value reset to one half lower detection limit
">" or "G.T." (greater than) Value set to 1.5 times detection limit
EST or "Estimated" Included in dataset
All other flags Removed from dataset
Next, a histogram analysis was performed that identified that all constituents followed an approximate log-normal distribution. Consequently, the [natural] log of concentration of the 14 cations/anions was calculated. Some sites had multiple sampling; the sample values of each constituent at each site were then averaged: for the database in its one-to-many format, sample data was averaged for each location of the site table.
The following table shows the number of samples, sites, and the amount of flagged data (kept in the dataset) for each constituent:
CONSTITUENT SAMPLES SITES FLAGGED DATA
As 8,234 3,285 931
B 13,554 2,661 338
Ba 4,042 6,114 262
Ca 23,112 10,990 16
Cl 29,169 11,822 71
F 19,615 9,126 1,218
Fe 13,633 6,439 4,821
HCO3 6,254 3,653 3
K 20,081 9,544 19
Li 4,416 2,907 258
Mg 22,507 10,689 131
Mn 11,339 5,396 5,731
Na 22,013 10,057 11
SiO2 20,225 9,858 22
SO4 25,031 11,181 214
TOTAL DATASET 51,576
The log-normalized point data were then interpolated over the Great Basin using an inverse distance weighting (IDW) method (neighbors = 12, power = 2) to generate a set of concentration maps. Maps were produced for As, B, Ba, Ca, Cl, F, Fe, HCO3, K, Li, Na, Mn, SO4, and SiO2. The sample density of some cations (As, Ba, Fe, Li, Mn) was limited over portions of the Great Basin; large areas greater than 50 km from the nearest sample site were not considered in the analysis and appear as blank areas on the maps. The resulting grid maps were then clipped to the Great Basin boundaries as defined by <http://www.unr.edu/geothermal/MetadataPages/gboutline.htm>.
The IDW interpolation method estimates values between points using a 'nearest neighbors' approach, which does not take into account hydrologic factors such as basin boundaries, faults, or low-permeability rock units. Since deep-seated geothermal systems operate primarily below the region of near-surface groundwater flow, this approach is probably warranted for the analysis of regional groundwater trends. The smoothness of the concentration gradients on most of the maps attests to the relative uniformity of sample concentrations at the regional scale.
- Process_Step:
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- Process_Description: Metadata imported.
- Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: C:\Users\tdozet\AppData\Local\Temp\xml348.tmp
- Process_Date: 20120831
- Process_Time: 11111700
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- Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
- Raster_Object_Information:
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- Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
- Row_Count: 2471
- Column_Count: 2401
- Vertical_Count: 1
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- Grid_Coordinate_System:
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- Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
- Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
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- UTM_Zone_Number: 11
- Transverse_Mercator:
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- Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
- Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -117.000000
- Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
- False_Easting: 500000.000000
- False_Northing: 0.000000
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- Abscissa_Resolution: 500.000000
- Ordinate_Resolution: 500.000000
- Planar_Distance_Units: meters
- Geodetic_Model:
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- Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927
- Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866
- Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.400000
- Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698
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Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
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- Overview_Description:
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- Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
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The grid units are the natural log of concentration. They are in ESRI real number format with a cell size = 500 m. The data set was constructed using groundwater geochemical data (springs and wells) from the Great Basin Groundwater Geochemical Database (<http://www.unr.edu/geothermal/GeochemDB.htm>). This database comes from three primary sources: (1) the National Water Information System ("NWIS", USGS, 2005), which includes cold temperature springs and wells along with the former GEOTHERM database, (2) the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology's geothermal database (http: HTTP://www.nbmg.unr.edu/geothermal/gthome.htm), and (3) the Geo-Heat Center's Western Geothermal Database (Reed et al., 1983; Boyd, 2002).
- Distribution_Information:
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- Distributor:
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- Contact_Information:
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- Contact_Organization_Primary:
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- Contact_Organization: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology
- Contact_Person: web/GIS/database person
- Contact_Position: web/GIS/database
- Contact_Address:
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- Address_Type: mailing and physical address
- Address: University of Nevada, Reno MS178
- City: Reno
- State_or_Province: NV
- Postal_Code: 89557-0178
- Country: USA
- Contact_Voice_Telephone: 775-784-6691
- Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nbmg@unr.edu
- Hours_of_Service: 8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. (PST)
- Contact_Instructions: web/GIS/database person
- Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
- Distribution_Liability:
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Requestor hereby releases the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, the University of Nevada, Reno, and their agents, consultants, contractors or employees from any and all claims, action, or causes of action for damages including, but not limited to any costs of recovering, reprogramming or reproducing any programs or data stored in or used with the GIS data, damage to property, damages for personal injury or for any lost profits, lost savings, or other special, incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use of or inability to use the GIS data, even if said parties have been advised of the possibility of such damage. Requestor agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, the University of Nevada, Reno, and their agents, consultants, contractors and employees from any and all liability claims or damages to any person arising from or connected with the use of this GIS data.
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- Metadata_Date: 20100706
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- Contact_Organization: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology
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- Address_Type: mailing and physical address
- Address: University of Nevada, Reno, MS 178
- City: Reno
- State_or_Province: NV
- Postal_Code: 89557-0178
- Country: USA
- Contact_Voice_Telephone: 775-784-6691
- Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nbmg@unr.edu
- Hours_of_Service: 8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. (PST)
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Generated by mp version 2.9.14 on Fri Sep 14 13:20:03 2012